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My
Fair Lady (1964)
Cast: Audrey Hepburn (Eliza Doolittle), Rex Harrison
(Professor Henry Higgins), Stanley Holloway (Alfred
P. Doolittle), Wilfrid Hyde-White (Colonel Hugh Pickering),
Gladys Cooper (Mrs. Higgins), Jeremy Brett (Freddie
Eynsford-Hill), Theodore Bikel (Zoltan Karpathy), Mona
Washbourne (Mrs. Pearce), Isobel Elsom (Mrs. Eynsford-Hill)
Crew: Direction George Cukor, Writing George Bernard
Shaw (play "Pygmalion"), Alan Jay Lerner, Producing
Jack L. Warner, Music Frederick Loewe and André Previn,
Cinematography Harry Stradling Sr., Editing William
H. Ziegler, Production Design Cecil Beaton, Art Direction
Gene Allen, Set Direction George James Hopkins, Costume
Design Cecil Beaton, Sound George Groves, Production
Company Warner Bros., Distributor Warner Bros. Length:
170 minutes
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Academy
Awards:
ˇ Won for Best Picture (Jack L. Warner) ˇ Won for Best
Director (George Cukor) ˇ Won for Best Actor in a Leading
Role (Rex Harrison) ˇ Won for Best Art Direction-Set
Decoration, Color (Gene Allen, Cecil Beaton and George
James Hopkins) ˇ Won for Best Cinematography, Color
(Harry Stradling Sr.) ˇ Won for Best Costume Design,
Color (Cecil Beaton) ˇ Won for Best Music, Scoring of
Music, Adaptation or Treatment (André Previn) ˇ Won
for Best Sound (George Groves) ˇ Nominated for Best
Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium
(Alan Jay Lerner) ˇ Nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting
Role (Stanley Holloway) ˇ Nominated for Best Actress
in a Supporting Role (Gladys Cooper) ˇ Nominated for
Best Film Editing (William H. Ziegler)
Golden
Globes :
ˇ Won for Best Motion Picture - Musical/Comedy ˇ Won
for Best Motion Picture Director (George Cukor) ˇ Won
for Best Motion Picture Actor - Musical/Comedy (Rex
Harrison) ˇ Nominated for Best Motion Picture Actress
- Musical/Comedy (Audrey Hepburn) ˇ Nominated for Best
Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion
Picture (Stanley Holloway)
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With fervent hope I tried to like My Fair Lady. I did
research in advance of screening the film to ensure I knew
a few things about its central creative personalities. I planned
ahead for the 170-minutes running time and I made sure I was
in the most optimistic of moods. I even put on a false front
with the hope I'd end up liking it but the bottom line is
My Fair Lady doesn't measure up.
As
an adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's famous play "Pygmalion,"
screenwriter and lyricist Alan Jay Lerner worked with composer
Frederick Loewe to create a light-hearted musical. It was
re-christened "My Fair Lady" and unveiled under Broadway's
limelight where it was a hit featuring Rex Harrison as Henry
Higgins and Julie Andrews as Eliza Doolittle. Unfortunately
its central conceit about refining a lower class woman under
the tutelage of a cold and demanding man now seems not just
reactionary but downright repulsive in the face of what's
supposed to be a love story.
Among Lerner and Loewe's changes was an update of the lead
male character into being an aristocratic British phonetics
professor from Shaw's sculptor. So too is the lead female
character transformed from being a bit of sculpting clay into
a feisty and opinionated London "guttersnipe" in the musical's
parlance. Despite these changes, however, the plotline remains
remarkably similar to "Pygmalion" since Higgins wants to create
a perfect lady from an imperfect source.
First meeting Eliza Doolittle (Audrey Hepburn) on a London
street where she sells flowers while growling at passersby,
Henry Higgins (Rex Harrison) is revealed as a world famous
phonetics professor. Boasting to his friend Colonel Pickering
(Wilfrid Hyde-White) that he can transform any common woman
into a regal beauty through speech and etiquette training,
Eliza hears the wager and volunteers for the good professor.
At
first antagonistic concerning their mutual ambitions Higgins
and Eliza gradually become allies in the cause of making her
a lady. His household staff learns to love her, she learns
to covet the world he introduces her to and in a parallel
adventure her destitute father Alfred (Stanley Holloway) becomes
a member of the prosperous middle class. Through several misadventures
Eliza finally emerges at a ball in the Queen's honor and is
mistaken for a Hungarian duchess despite her cockney background.
Naturally Higgins is tickled at having won his bet with Pickering
but he disregards Eliza's feeling of betrayal at being treated
like a business transaction so she leaves him without any
warning.
Realizing
perhaps too late that he's an insensitive clod, Higgins tries
to woo her back with his superior reasoning but he only increases
her frustration at being treated like a trophy. Forlorn, lost
and saddened by the prospect of living the rest of his life
without Eliza at his side, Higgins listens to an old recording
of her speaking with him at the outset of their efforts to
transform her when, just as required by the dictates of the
genre, Eliza returns to him now convinced of his eccentric
devotion.
Budgeted
at $17 million My Fair Lady went on to earn nearly
$34 million at the domestic box office. Readjusted to reflect
its rentals actually returned to producers the film was likely
a modest success. But it also won a Best Motion Picture statuette
for Jack Warner as the icing on the cake of his long career
as one of Hollywood's original movie moguls.
Filmed
with such musical numbers as "The Rain in Spain" and "Just
You Wait", My Fair Lady was a veritable awards magnet
at the Golden Globes and Oscars. Winning three of five citations
at the former and eight of 12 at the latter, it left its competition
in the dust. Nominated for the top Academy Award against Becket,
Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love
the Bomb, Mary Poppins and Zorba the Greek, George
Cukor's film was an overwhelming popular and critical favorite.
It featured long flowing costumes, intricate and lavishly
produced sets, rich colors, an early 20th century setting,
an appealing ingénue in the title role and a pleasant supporting
cast. Significantly an unknown named Marni Nixon dubbed Hepburn's
singing voice despite her lengthy preparation for the role
and it's this falsity that somehow injures the entire production.
Dubbing one person for another in musical films defies an
old-fashioned idea about truth in performance. That My
Fair Lady so easily eschewed this convention even though
Hepburn's voice was reportedly quite good is a kind of violence
towards the actress very much in keeping with the kind of
narrative violence applied to Eliza Doolittle.
Said differently Hepburn's physical person was considered
ideal for the movie version of Lerner and Loewe's musical,
probably due to considerations both commercial and artistic.
Unfortunately her voice was thought to be inadequate so it
was replaced just as Eliza's personality was submerged beneath
the wishes and requirements of Henry Higgins.
Par for the patriarchal tone of the movie this creative accretion
and performance-as-combination was not applied to Harrison
whose musical numbers are far less demanding. In fact one
obvious criticism of the film is the way he wanders through
his songs with spoken word soliloquies. Like Robert Preston
in The Music Man he is a talker, not a singer, and
it's significant that his place in the film is to polish his
pupil's comportment even though he, himself, cannot carry
a tune.
Once
remembering how the Academy neglected to honor the Beatles
picture A Hard Day's Night and that they shut out Stanley
Kubrick's Dr. Strangelove from the major awards of
1964, it seems to me that they lavished far too much praise
on Cukor's movie. It's likely that such attention was a response
to the film's excellent pedigree but it's also another example
of how Hollywood tends to celebrate work from industry insiders
even when it's not particularly remarkable.
To
this end My Fair Lady was a film adaptation of a commercially
and critically important Broadway production and it was the
prestige project of Warner Bros. in 1964. Featuring the same
beloved Lerner and Loewe music and script from the stage production,
it also employed the original male lead, Rex Harrison, while
replacing Julie Andrews with Audrey Hepburn over Harrison's
objections.
In
the end the film's legacy is one of extraordinary fame and
accomplishment. I concur on its being famous and accomplished
though the one doesn't add up to the other. My Fair Lady's
fame is relative and its accomplishments don't extend to a
basic idea about romantic love, or to its ideas about truth
in performance.
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