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Out
of Africa (1985)
Cast: Meryl Streep (Karen Blixen-Finecke), Robert
Redford (Denys Finch Hatton), Klaus Maria Brandauer
(Baron Bror Blixen-Finecke), Michael Kitchen (Berkeley),
Joseph Thiaka (Kamante), Stephen Kinyanjui (Kinanjui),
Michael Gough (Delamere), Suzanna Hamilton (Felicity),
Rachel Kempson (Lady Belfield), Graham Crowden (Lord
Belfield), Leslie Phillips (Sir Joseph), Shane Rimmer
(Belknap), Mike Bugara (Juma), Job Seda (Kanuthia),
Mohammed Umar (Ismail)
Crew: Direction Sydney Pollack, Writing Isak Dinesen
(memoirs), and Kurt Luedtke, Producing Anna Cataldi,
Terence A. Clegg, Kim Jorgensen, Sydney Pollack and
Judith Thurman, Music John Barry, Cinematography David
Watkin, Editing Pembroke J. Herring, Sheldon Kahn, Fredric
Steinkamp and William Steinkamp, Production Design Stephen
B. Grimes, Art Direction Colin Grimes, Cliff Robinson
and Herbert Westbrook, Set Direction Milena Canonero,
Sound Gary Alexander, Peter Handford, Chris Jenkins
and Larry Stensvold, Production Company Mirage Entertainment
and Universal Pictures, Distributor Universal Pictures
Length: 150 minutes
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Academy
Awards:
· Won for Best Picture (Sydney Pollack) · Won for Best
Director (Sydney Pollack) · Won for Best Writing, Screenplay
Based on Material from Another Medium (Kurt Luedtke)
· Won for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration (Stephen
B. Grimes and Josie MacAvin) · Won for Best Cinematography
(David Watkin) · Won for Best Music, Original Score
(John Barry) · Won for Best Sound (Gary Alexander, Peter
Handford, Chris Jenkins and Larry Stensvold) · Nominated
for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Meryl Streep) ·
Nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Klaus
Maria Brandauer) · Nominated for Best Costume Design
(Milena Canonero) · Nominated for Best Film Editing
(Pembroke J. Herring, Sheldon Kahn, Fredric Steinkamp
and William Steinkamp)
Golden
Globes:
· Won for Best Motion Picture - Drama · Won for
Best Original Score - Motion Picture (John Barry) ·
Won for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting
Role in a Motion Picture (Klaus Maria Brandauer) · Nominated
for Best Director - Motion Picture (Sydney Pollack)
· Nominated for Best Screenplay - Motion Picture (Kurt
Luedtke) · Nominated for Best Performance by an Actress
in a Motion Picture - Drama (Meryl Streep)
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Beginning with memories I was but a boy taken to see Out
of Africa because my mother was swept up in talk of romance
surrounding the film's press reviews and because she was a
long-time admirer of Robert Redford. I sat next to her, slowly
eating my plain M&Ms and was nearly bored to tears. After
leaving the theater without casting a backwards glance at
a movie I considered too long and devoid of such Rambo-esque
excitement as exploding bodies or naked people engaged in
flagrante delecto I wrote off the year's Oscar winner as exhausting
tripe.
Flash-forward
a few years and we have more memories still. I was by now
a man ready to watch Out of Africa under a new set
of obligations and personal assumptions. I was also encouraged
by the movie's reputation among friends and family members
with whom I often disagree over the value of popular entertainments
but who were, nonetheless, highly attached to this particular
work. Turning down the lights in my living room, pressing
my VCR's "Play" button, I watched the resulting filmed entertainment
without the benefit of widescreen formatting or a stereophonic
sound system. Two and a half hours later I was, in a single
catchphrase, blown away.
Long disregarding the fact I've owned a CD copy of John Barry's
magnificent soundtrack and forget about how Meryl Streep has
consistently been among my favorite actresses, I was wholly
unprepared for the impact of Sydney Pollack's Best Picture-winner.
I wasn't ready for its epic sweep through African plains or
its love story between people mixed up in political circumstances
impacting their personal lives. Nor was I able to recall how
awesome the landscape of the film's setting could be when
acting upon a drama of obscure social values and unconquerable
spaces.
What I faced as I pressed my VCR's "Rewind" button was a cinematic
experience as powerful to me as most any other I'd previously
known. The feeling was assisted in its effect since it was
also so totally unexpected.
Still, I won't stake an unwieldy claim for the film since
it's not without its problems and detractions. To do so would
further encourage the uncritical, wholesale swallowing of
worthless entertainments annually encouraged by marketing
departments that have us watching bad Hollywood product without
requiring there to be more in our movies. Yet to criticize
the film too severely would be to undercut its emotional impact,
aesthetic beauty and technical grandeur even if these results
are based on assumptions one must accept or else avoid this
movie all together.
For instance, one must disregard the fact Out of Africa
is about a bunch of white people invading Africa to colonize
its spaces, animals and people. Then one should be careful
to never mind how the movie's nearly worshipful black-African
supporting players bow their heads to the righteous beauty
of white womanhood, Streep as the key example.
In
fact, any consistent embrace of Africa beyond its use as a
setting, playground, symbol for romantic devotion and hostile
environment to the film's lead players is uniformly left off-screen.
At the film's center is a group of white people who temporarily
inhabit the "dark continent" and remain outside its unknowable
wisdom. Therefore any effort to focus on native Africans is
left along the movie's margins, though not without certain
ruptures as when the leads encounter Masai tribesman or enter
crowds of black faces that look upon them like the circus
geeks they are in being caught under the wrong big top.
Like
most any Hollywood film, even more independent American films
acting within the paradigm supplied by Hollywood, Out of
Africa is fundamentally racist. Not in the sense of whippings,
torture and active pursuit of the slave trade or some other
such action demonstrating that prejudice. No, Out of Africa
is more elusive since its racism finds root in the Baroness
Karen Blixen-Finecke-derived memoir under the pseudonym Isak
Dinesen that restricts criticism about the film to an individual
writer's voice and experience. Thus, Pollack et all are merely
the craftspeople translating Dinesen's written memoirs onto
the screen through Kurt Luedtke's terrific script, David Watkin's
brilliant cinematography and Barry's ethereal score.
However
true this fidelity to a source may be, it's no less an excuse
for what Out of Africa ends up being as a colonialist's
reorganization of territory according to the whims of political
doctrine, personal interest and the peculiar indulgence of
romance. That Pollack's particular vision of this experience
is so sensually pleasing exacts a price. His movie represents
a high mark in filmmaking practice that is a genuine pleasure
to feel washing through one's emotional floodgates and sensory
organs. But it is also just another first world fairy tale
inserted over the top of an entire continent's ages-old landscape
and people like so many words tossed from the mouth of a telemarketer.
For that conflict of interest between the excellence of the
film's artistic expression and its espousal of ideologically
retrograde cultural politics I come away feeling trapped by
the its overall effect. I'm uncertain about the film's point-of-view
since it takes pains to use events from Dinesen's life like
World War I, colonization, deforestation and industrialization
to foreground Africa's early 20th century troubles even while
privileging romance above all other considerations. I'm further
confused about Dinesen's wisdom born from love, life and loss
in Nairobi that is definitely not the dominant experience
of white settlers overrunning black Africa but is, instead,
the exception.
As an adaptation of historical memoir with full room focus
on or de-emphasize what's considered unnecessary, Out of
Africa could have addressed some of these questions. But
as a romantic vehicle for Redford and Streep the film was
allowed to set these critical concerns to one side and glow
in the awesome delights of lovers in love.
Opening with a voice-over by an aged Baroness (Streep), we
learn how, as a younger woman in Denmark, she was forced by
circumstance to choose a marriage of convenience. Having been
spurned by her Swedish lover she offered herself to his brother
and her friend, the Baron Bror Finecke (Klaus Maria Brandauer),
in exchange for her dowry that would let them start-over with
a dairy farm in Kenya.
Leaving Denmark separately they reconvene in Nairobi where
Karen learns how Bror has bought a coffee farm rather than
purchase head of cattle. Angered by his untrustworthiness
and further realizing his weakness for adultery, she accepts
a greater responsibility for the farm and becomes an independent
woman. Enjoying the servants at her disposal she becomes a
leading player in her community and gradually strikes up a
friendship with an adventurer named Denys Hatton (Redford).
When
World War I interrupts the Africa colonies along with their
European colonial powers, Kenya becomes a landscape of bush
fighting and territorial struggle. Karen is forced into action
and leadership unprecedented for a woman of her time and her
newfound strength intensifies the difficulties of her marriage
to Bror.
After
the war she learns Bror has given her syphilis from which
she barely recovers after a regimen of arsenic and bed rest
back in Denmark. Returning to her farm, now sterile and more
cynical, her coffee crop begins leading her into the feast
or famine rights of agriculture just as Denys invites her
along a safari trip.
Together
they embark upon a kaleidoscopic trip through the plains,
lakes and wildlife of the continent, eventually consummating
their love one night by firelight. Afterwards they strike
a bargain as lovers without the taint of legal contract meaning
she runs her farming business and he continues on his safari
adventures, returning to her whenever possible but without
a clear understanding of the future.
Over time their love affair strains them both. She grows fonder
of him but is less willing to grant him license to do as he
pleases. Similarly troubled by her ideas of belonging and
commitment he shies away from her and they break off their
affair. Likewise her farm's pitch from wealth to poverty extends
the limit of her bank loans until a fire finally wipes out
her stores of coffee beans to finally bankrupt her.
Having already lost Denys and divorced Bror, she's left alone
without prospects in a land beset by colonial organization.
Her final effort before vacating her farm is to assist her
native servants and workers with finding new homes on lands
guaranteed them as a reservation for their continued livelihood.
Pleading to the territory's new British governor, she's granted
her request and sets about liquidating her estate.
Before leaving Africa, though, Denys re-enters her life but
is tragically killed before their reconciliation is complete.
Karen buries him on a hilly plateau and returns to her native
Denmark a barren woman with stories in hand that she eventually
turns into the memoirs published under the name of Isak Dinesen.
Filling in the ark of this tragic love story there are sequences
of such breathtaking natural beauty it's difficult to find
words to accurately describe what's on-screen. As a paean
to Africa as an awesome landscape and geographical setting
Pollack's movie wisely engages the wonder of its location
shots to terrific impact. Suffice it to say that the Barry
scored biplane trip where Denys takes Karen on an expedition
through the eyes of God is a high point of the film.
Of
course there are many smaller moments as well. Moments like
Denys punctuating his comings and goings with gramophone recordings
of Mozart or the fact that his entire characterization is
more like a philosophical position complete with beautiful
blonde hair than an actual person. Then there are moments
from Karen's daily life on the farm, the gradual depiction
of changing times with costume, dress, style and accoutrements
like horse drawn buggy, cars and locomotives and, of course,
there are shots of animals seen out in the wild.
All
of this richness meant Out of Africa was budgeted at
$31 million, no small sum in 1985. Regardless, the risk was
well made in that the film was one of those seemingly rare
titles that go on to critical acclaim and enjoy an accompanying
commercial success.
Earning some $87 million at the domestic box office with a
worldwide gross aided by an additional $152 million in the
overseas markets it was one of the top box performers of its
year. With seven wins from 11 Oscar nominations and three
wins from among six Golden Globe nominations, its run on global
moviedom seemed complete.
With the benefit of retrospect and my newfound excitement
over Out of Africa despite certain critical reminders
about what it isn't as a film, there seems little doubt it
should have won the Academy Award for being the Best Picture
of 1985. Competing for the top honors with The Color Purple,
Kiss of the Spider Woman, Prizzi's Honor and Witness
the only really criminal aspect of the movie-of-the-year race
was the lack of mainstream recognition heaped upon Akira Kurosawa's
Ran and Terry Gilliam's Brazil. While each of
these films fascinated a small cadre of moviegoers they have
continued on as influential pictures since their theatrical
debut. Unfortunately for Kiss of the Spider Woman and
Prizzi's Honor I cannot offer them the same support
since neither one is worth reconsideration in having already
long exhausted what kudos are due them.
As
a simple summary, Out of Africa is an ideologically
complex, emotionally satisfying, expertly produced drama that
is wholly satisfying a decade and a half after its initial
release. I expected to be disappointed after screening it
a second time after my boyhood's earlier dismissal. Instead
I was thrilled enough to enter its womb-like and seamless
narrative only later to emerge with critical marks about what
it evades as much as for what it embraces.
I can think of no more worthwhile remark to heap upon Pollack's
film save for the fact I was moved into dreaming during its
length. That doesn't excuse it's limitations but there were
few things more important to me during the two and half hours
I spent watching Out of Africa than its romance between
the Baroness Karen Blixen-Finecke and Denys Finch Hatton.
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